Grading Scale
A+	98 - 100	4.33
A	95 - 97	4.0
A-	93 - 94	3.67
B+	90 - 92	3.3
B	87 - 89	3.0
B-	85 – 86	2.67
C+	82 – 84	2.33
C	79 – 81	2.0
C-	77 – 78	1.67
D+	75 – 76	1.33
D	72 – 74	1.0
D-	70 – 71	.67
F	69 and Below	0

A = 96

B = 89

C = 81

D = 73

F = 65

4. GRADES FOR ADVANCED COURSES: A differential of 3% is added to grades issued for Advanced Placement courses as well as for the Calculus I and Physics courses. Grades above 100 may be recorded for these classes only.

5. HONOR ROLL:To qualify for the honor roll, students must meet the following criteria:

• First Honors — all grades of 93 or above
• Second Honors — all grades of 85 or above

6. EXAM EXEMPTION FOR SENIORS:For one-credit courses, no exam exemptions are offered for the first semester. In order to be exempted from a second semester exam, a senior must be in good standing with the school, have the concurrence of the teacher, and meet the following criteria:

• a cumulative average no lower than 93 for the second semester;
• no more than eight (8)absences from school for the second semester;
• teacher approval

In order to be exempted from a semester courses of 0.5 credit, a senior must be in good standing with the school, have the concurrence of the teacher, and meet the following criteria:

• a cumulative average of no lower than 93 for the semester;
• no more than eight (8) absences for the semester

Any senior who exceeds the number of absences because of prolonged illness or family emergency may request a waiver from the administration at least one week before exam week.

7. CLASS RANK:Roanoke Catholic School (RCS) does not rank students. Instead, RCS computes a cumulative grade average.

8. SUMMER SCHOOL WORK:Grades earned for summer school work will be identified as such on the student’s cumulative record. A letter grade received for summer school work will be converted to a numeric value according to the school’s standard as stated in paragraph 3 of this section. Such grades will be averaged with the grades earned in the RCS courses and included in the GPA. Both grades are recorded on students’ records.

COURSE SELECTION CONSIDERATIONS

1. Students in grades 8, 9, and 10 are required to take seven (7) major subjects (including Theology) a year; students in grades 11 and 12 are encouraged to take seven (7) courses and are required to take a minimum of six (6) courses (including Theology).

2. Roanoke Catholic’s academic program is centered on a core curriculum of traditional subjects in a college preparatory setting. A student graduating from Roanoke Catholic will have completed, in most cases, the requirements for the Advanced Studies Diploma as outlined by the Board of Education of the Commonwealth of Virginia

3. Academic averages and the number of advanced courses taken are important considerations to colleges with competitive admission standards.

4. Students should study the same foreign language for at least two years. Students also should plan to begin the first level of a foreign language no later than grade 10. In some cases, students who receive 3 or more credits in the same foreign language may not be required to fulfill a foreign language requirement in college. However, if students intend to study the same language in college, they should take the third or fourth year of the language during their senior year. Students are required to take a minimum of three years of a single language or two credits each of two languages.

5. Admission to courses with large enrollments will be granted according to the following criteria:

• class size not to exceed the school’s standards;
• grade level (seniors first, then juniors, then sophomores, etc.)
• the date by which the course selection sheet was submitted.

6. An elective course will be offered only when a sufficient number of students select the course. The school reserves the right to cancel a course for which there is not a teacher available or for which there is inadequate enrollment.

7. College entrance requirements vary; therefore, it is essential that a college-bound student understand the entrance requirements of the college of his/her choice as early as possible.

8. Any students interested in the challenge of Advanced Placement (AP) courses and/or the possibility of receiving college credit based on AP exam scores must apply for admission to the AP classes offered by Roanoke Catholic School: AP Biology, AP Chemistry, AP Calculus, AP English: Language and Composition, AP English: Literature and Composition, AP United States History, AP Spanish, AP French, AP Studio Art, and AP Computer Science.

Selection for AP courses will take place before regular course selection. During the AP course selection process, rising juniors and seniors receive information about application procedures and acceptance criteria, which are based on students’ grades, standardized verbal test scores, teachers’ evaluations, and essays assigned by the individual AP teachers.

9. Selection of courses should be done only after serious, careful, and thoughtful consultation among students, parents, teachers, and the academic advisor. Therefore, once a student chooses courses and these choices are verified by the students, parents, and approved by the Academic Advisor, the student will not be allowed to change course selections after the first nine weeks for year courses or after the first five weeks for semester courses.

10. Students may make adjustments in their course loads using the following guidelines:

• Students need to be aware of their progress in each class and should ask teachers for help as needed.
• Changes in students’ schedules must be approved in writing by the Academic Advisor. The form must be signed by the students, the parent, and the Academic Advisor.
• Courses may not be dropped without penalty after the date on which first quarter interims are distributed. No year course may be dropped after the first nine weeks; no semester course may be dropped after the first five weeks.
• If a student drops a class after the first quarter interim, this change will be considered a withdrawal. At the time of withdrawal, if the student is failing the class, WF (withdrawal/failing) will be recorded on the student’s transcript. If the student is passing at the time of withdrawal, WP (withdrawal/passing) will be recorded. “WF” and “WP” are not considered in the computation of the grade point average, and no credit will be awarded. For eligibility purposes, WF is considered “failing.”

11. The following reasons for change of course will not be considered:

• Dissatisfaction with a course or teacher
• Displeasure with one’s schedule
• Change of mind

12. If students fail a course at Roanoke Catholic School, they must repeat the course in summer school. While it is the responsibility of students to register for summer school, the Guidance Office must approve their selection of summer school courses. Applications for summer school can be obtained in May from the Guidance Office of Roanoke Catholic School.

13. Students may choose to retake any course taken during the school year or during summer school in order to enhance their knowledge of the subject or to improve their average. (See number 8 on page 2.)

14. In the event students fail and do not make up the course failed, their college or career recommendations and their graduation from Roanoke Catholic School may be jeopardized.

15. The Guidance Office of Roanoke Catholic School must approve all issues regarding academic credit in advance.

16. Students who fail two or more courses during any one academic year may be required to repeat the entire grade.

THE RESOURCE CENTER

This center provides support for the student in completing work assigned in other classes. The student may use this time for testing. The emphasis is on the development of study skills and techniques such as time management and organizational skills, daily review, memory aids, learning strategies, etc. Teacher recommendation required.

USE OF THE INTERNET

Roanoke Catholic School strives to prepare its students to use the latest technology. In order to use the school’s Internet connection, students and parents must agree to abide by the Roanoke Catholic School Internet User Agreement. Both students and parents sign the agreement when students enter Roanoke Catholic School.

GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS

Roanoke Catholic School confers a diploma reflecting the college preparatory curriculum of the school. The content of specific courses is presented in the sections following the descriptions of requirements for the diploma.

AP Language or AP Literature fulfills the English 12 requirement. AP U.S. History fulfills the requirement for U.S. History.

Satisfactory completion of the senior research project is a requirement for graduation. See the section on the Research Program.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ROANOKE CATHOLIC SCHOOL COLLEGE PREPARATORY DIPLOMA

COURSE SEQUENCE

SUBJECT/COURSES IN SEQUENCE

Theology: Theology 8, Christian Scriptures and Issues, Christian Morality and the Sacraments, Church History and Ecclesiology, World Religions and Christian Lifestyles
Elective: Philosophy

English: Regular Sequence: English 8, Introduction to Literature, American Literature, British Literature, World Literature
Advanced Sequence: Introduction to Literature, American Literature, British Literature, AP Language, AP Literature
Electives: Forms of Discourse, Books to Film, Grammar and Composition, AP Language, AP Literature

Mathematics: Regular Sequence: Pre-Algebra, Algebra I, Geometry, Algebra II, Advanced Algebra with Trigonometry
Advanced Sequence: Geometry, Honors Algebra II, Pre-Calculus, Calculus, AP Calculus
Electives: Functions, Statistics

Science: Earth Science, Physical Science, Chemistry, Biology
Electives: Physics, AP Biology, AP Chemistry, Biology II, Environmental Science

Social Sciences: World History and Geography I and II, Economics, Virginia and U.S. History, Virginia and U.S. Government
Electives: Psychology, AP U.S. History

Foreign Language:
French I, II, III, IV, French V or AP (as offered)
Spanish I, II, III, IV, AP
(3 years of one language or 2 years of two languages)

Health & PE: Health & PE 8,9,10

Computer: Computer Applications
Electives: Advanced Computer Applications, AP Computer Science; Web Page Design

Electives: From any of the above and/or Study Skills and/or
Fine Arts: Band, Art I, Studio Art, Ceramics, Drawing, Photojournalism

TOTAL REQUIRED CREDITS: 32/35

THE RESEARCH PROGRAM

REQUIREMENTS FOR MAJOR RESEARCH PAPERS

For all courses, grade level papers may not exceed the above standards. English teachers introduce, reinforce, or review the research process, the skills, and the techniques necessary to plan, research, and write formal papers, according to Modern Language Association ( MLA) guidelines. Throughout the process, students are also encouraged to learn to use technology to locate information and to prepare their manuscripts.

Satisfactory completion of the senior research project is a requirement for graduation. This project combines the formal research paper and the senior speech. The grade for this project is recorded separately on students’ transcripts.

COURSE OFFERINGS

THEOLOGY

Students at Roanoke Catholic Upper School are required to take a class in Theology each year. Credits are adjusted for transfer students. The curriculum fosters a thorough academic education in Catholic Christianity and opportunities for personal spiritual formation. All grade levels plan and participate in class liturgies and prayer experiences. Students are required to perform works of community service, both as class projects and as individuals. Individually, students are required to complete a minimum of 40 hours of community service each year.

050 CREED & PRAYER ~ THEOLOGY 8 - 1 Credit; Required

This survey course provides an overview of Catholic Christianity as students study each part of the Nicene Creed. It includes the study of the persons of the Trinity, the paschal mystery, Mary, the Virgin Mother of God, the Church’s origin and mission, the Church as One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic, sin and forgiveness, and the end times – purgatory, the last judgment. The second semester of this course focuses on prayer. Students who complete this part of the course will be able to identify and participate in various types and kinds of prayer and be able to explain the essential role of prayer in a person’s spiritual life.

060 CHRISTIAN SCRIPTURES AND ISSUES ~ THEOLOGY 9 - 1 Credit; Required

The main text of this course is the Bible. Students who successfully complete this course will be able to find passages in the New Testament and will be able to understand these passages for their own spiritual benefit. In addition, students will learn to discus issues of importance to them. They will learn to listen with respect, to present their ideas, and to respond to another’s ideas with respect. Issues of personal morality, social justice, and the conscience formation will be presented from the Catholic point of view.

070 CHRISTIAN MORALITY/ SACRAMENTS ~ THEOLOGY 10 - 1 Credit; Required

The first semester of this course focuses on morality. Students explore the process for moral decision-making as they study relevant contemporary moral problems. It examines the role of development of conscience in Christian ‘s life. The critical reflection process is used in evaluating the morality of a situation or issue. Current moral issues are also explored. The second semester focuses on the seven Sacraments. The basic elements of sacrament – grace, symbols, rituals, and prayer are presented.

080 CHURCH HISTORY/ECCLESIOLOGY ~ THEOLOGY 11 - 1 Credit; Required

The first semester of this course is a study of the rich tradition of the Catholic faith: the history of the Church from apostolic times, through the Middle Ages, to the present era; its important figures, institutions and theological developments; and its impact on culture. Since faith is expressed by action, students study the topic of peace and justice during the second semester. Because social justice is an integral part of the contemporary Church’s teachings, social justice topics such as care for the environments, work and laborers, peace, and solidarity with the poor will be presented and discussed. Besides recording forty hours of community service, students will be required to write a reflective paper of their community service.

092 WORLD RELIGIONS/091 CHRISTIAN LIFESTYLES/THEOLOGY 12 - 1 Credit; Required

This course is divided into two distinct parts. During the first semester, students survey the history, teachings, and rituals of major religions of the world, such as Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism. These faith traditions are examined on their own terms and in relation to Christianity. The second semester focuses on healthy lifestyles. Students research and discuss, within a Christian framework, relevant issues such as sexuality, spirituality, substance abuse, and adulthood.

095 PHILOSOPHY - 1 Credit; Elective

This course considers the major philosophical questions that have preoccupied the great western philosophers for almost three thousand years by introducing students to Plato, Descartes, Locke, Kant, and others. This survey of philosophical ideas will explore the development of philosophy through a study of philosophers.

ENGLISH

Each quarter, all students enrolled in the English courses described below are required to read one work chosen from the appropriate reading list. Students are also required to read two works from the list during the summer break. Students will write about the works they read as directed by their English teachers. Students in the Advanced Placement English courses have different requirements.

150 ENGLISH 8 - 1 Credit; Required

Exemption possible

English 8 focuses on the fundamentals of composition and literature. Students study the writing process, concentrating on the structure and types of sentences, paragraphs, and essays and on the use of standard grammar and usage. The study of literature highlights the characteristics of the short story, the novel, poetry, and drama. Students also study the procedures and techniques of the research process. The school-wide vocabulary program, introduced in grade 6, continues. Library use and media study are other areas of emphasis.

160 INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE - 1 Credit; Required

Prerequisite: English 8 or teacher recommendation

This course aims to develop skills in literature, composition, and vocabulary. Considerable emphasis is placed on the writing process from pre-writing through final proofreading and on the use of standard grammar and usage. Literature study focuses on the characteristics and conventions of the technique devices used in a variety of genres. Weekly vocabulary study is designed to build students’ own vocabulary and related skills, as well as to develop their understanding of the structure of the English language. In addition, students reinforce their research skills. Whenever appropriate, media techniques and influences will be discussed.

170 AMERICAN LITERATURE - 1 Credit; Required

Prerequisite: Introduction to Literature or teacher recommendation

In American Literature, the study of literature is a chronological survey of American literature, emphasizing the development, influences, and characteristics of literary movements and writers’ use of literary techniques and devices. Students continue their work on writing skills, mastery of standard grammar and usage, research skills, and vocabulary.

180 BRITISH LITERATURE - 1 Credit; Required

Prerequisite: American Literature or teacher recommendation

British Literature is a chronological survey of major British works from Beowulf through those of the twentieth century, including an intensive study of works by Shakespeare. The course combines in-depth reading with analytical composition skills. Students also review research procedures and skills and continue their vocabulary study.

190 WORLD LITERATURE - 1 Credit; Required

Prerequisite: British Literature or teacher recommendation

In this survey of world literature, students study a variety of works representative of many cultures and different historical periods. Composition assignments are literature-based with emphasis on critical thinking skills. The fundamentals of good writing style are also reviewed. Students continue their study of vocabulary and review research procedures and skills.

195 ADVANCED PLACEMENT ENGLISH/LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION: 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisite: minimum 92 in previous English course, application with essay and teacher recommendations

AP Language is open to juniors and seniors interested in the study of the writer’s craft and, specifically, in journalistic writing. Students learn effective research techniques for journalistic writing through the reading and analysis of appropriate nonfiction, such as feature articles, newspaper and magazine columns, and cross-disciplinary writings. In addition, members of the class serve as editors of the school newspaper, The Celtic Crier. The course is designed to prepare students to take the Advanced Placement Examination in Language and Composition, administered for a fee by the College Board. Successful performance on this exam may earn students college credit and/or course exemptions. This seminar class is limited to an enrollment of 15 students.

185 ADVANCED PLACEMENT ENGLISH: LITERATURE AND COMPOSITION - 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisite: minimum 92 in previous English course, application with essay and teacher recommendations

AP Literature is open to seniors who have critical thinking ability and competent writing skills. In-depth studies of short stories, novels, poetry, drama, and literary criticism are hallmarks of the course. Students are expected to develop interpretive, analytical and evaluative skills which they demonstrate through discussions, presentations, and essay writing. In addition, each month students independently read and write about one novel or play. Students are encouraged to take the Advanced Placement examination in Literature and Composition (fee required). Successful performance on this exam may earn students’ college course exemptions and/or credits. This course is also offered as a dual-enrolment option with the potential of receiving 3 to 6 credits through Virginia Western Community College. A fee is charged for each semester offering of English 111 and English 112.

175 GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION - 1 Credit; Elective

This course is intended for students who need to improve their command of standard written English and those who wish to polish their writing skills. The course is designed to offer extensive one-on-one instruction. In addition, it is especially helpful in preparing students for the various written assignments encountered at the college level. Students will also practice writing essay test responses, focusing on the requirements for the SAT II: The Writing Test.

193 FORMS OF DISCOURSE - 0.5 Credit; Elective

This course offers an integrated approach to the study of public speaking and creative writing. During the semester, students have the opportunity to create and present original working a supportive environment. Classic film and short readings are used as “prompts” for directed discussion and group or individual projects. The ultimate objective is to assist students in developing ease of expression while discovering hidden talents. Note: Students enrolling in this course must be willing to participate in periodic choir rehearsal. Choir participation during Mass will be optional.

194 BOOKS TO FILM - 0.5 Credit; Elective

A study of great novels turned into films forms the basis of this course. In addition to studying the transformation of novels into film and the evolution of cinema techniques, students will examine the challenges of narrative in order to develop a more sophisticated grasp of the artist’s task.

111 STUDY SKILLS - 1.0 Credit; Elective

This class provides a framework of skills including time management & organization, note taking, goal setting & tracking, composition and proofreading skills, oral presentations, and vocabulary development. The goal of this class is to provide instruction and create good study habits that will enable students to be more successful in all academic areas. The class is also designed to provide supervised study time several times a week.

COURSE SEQUENCE

MATHEMATICS

250 PRE-ALGEBRA Prerequisite for Algebra I - 1 Credit; Required

This course is designed to help students develop the mathematical skills and preliminary concepts necessary for Algebra I. Some of the major concepts introduced include working with integers, solving basic equations, simplifying rational expressions, and two-dimensional graphing. Applications and modeling are also used to develop problem-solving skills. The use of a calculator is minimal in this course.

255 ALGEBRA I - 1 Credit; Required

Prerequisite: Pre-Algebra

This course is the study of the applications of the properties and operations of the real number system applied to variable expressions, linear equations, and linear inequalities. Graphing using algebraic techniques, factoring, and algebraic notation are emphasized. Quadratic functions and the quadratic formula are introduced.

260 GEOMETRY - 1 Credit; Required

Prerequisite: Algebra I

This course places emphasis on logical reasoning through a variety of proof styles and their applications. Topics studied include points, lines, planes, angles, polygons, circles, congruence, and similarity. In addition, algebraic skills are reinforced.

265 ALGEBRA II - 1 Credit; Required

Prerequisite: a minimum grade of C in Algebra I or department recommendation

This course expands the topics studied in Algebra I. Roots and rational exponents, functions, and complex numbers are studied. Emphasis is given to the solving of quadratic equations using three methods: factoring, completing the square, and the quadratic formula. Graphing of linear and quadratic functions using algebraic techniques is a central topic.

272 HONORS ALGEBRA II - 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisite: minimum of "B" in Algebra I and Geometry and department recommendation

This course reviews the topics introduced in Algebra I. Roots and rational exponents, functional notation and operations on higher order equations, and complex numbers are studied. Emphasis is given to the solving of quadratic equations using three methods: factoring, completing the square, and the quadratic formula. Exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions are introduced. Graphing techniques and the transformations of graphs produced be changes in equations is a central topic.

275 ADVANCED ALGEBRA/TRIGONOMETRY - 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisite: Geometry, Algebra II

This course covers the same topics as those covered in Algebra II but with greater emphasis on application and the use of the graphing calculator. Transformation in the graphs of the functions is introduced and applied to all subsequent topics. Trigonometry is introduced during the latter part of the course. Students study the domain, range, graphs, transformations, inverses, and applications of trigonometric functions. They also study solving right triangles, the Law of Sines, and the Law of Cosines. Other topics include simplifying trigonometric expressions, solving trigonometric equations, and proving trigonometric identities.

285 PRE-CALCULUS - 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisite:Honors Algebra II with a minimum grade of 87 and departmental recommendation; or Advanced Algebra with Trigonometry and departmental recommendation.

This course is an introduction to the concepts and language necessary to begin the study of Calculus. Topics from all previous math courses are integrated and reinforced. Algebraic and trigonometric functions and the methods for graphing these functions are studied in great depth.

282 FUNCTIONS - 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisite: Advanced Algebra or Pre-Calculus

The purpose of this course is to bridge the gap between pre-calculus or Advanced Algebra and Calculus. It is intended for those students who are not ready for calculus but who anticipate taking calculus as a senior in high school or a freshman in college the next year.

290 CALCULUS - 1 Credit: Elective

Prerequisite: Pre-calculus with a grade of A or B and/or dept. recommendation

The objective of this course is the study of the two fundamental concepts of calculus, the derivative and the integral, in terms of the concept of limit. Students become familiar with the techniques of differentiation and integration. These concepts, as well as their practical applications for solving problems, are emphasized throughout the course.

295 AP CALCULUS - 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisite: Calculus I; department recommendation

This course thoroughly reviews the derivative and its applications, the antiderivative and the integral and its application to area, volume, physics, and engineering; inverse trigonometric and hyperbolic functions and their derivatives and integrals; L'Hospital's Rule; various methods of integration; exponential and logarithmic functions, their integrals, derivatives, and applications.

280 STATISTICS - 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisite: minimum of Algebra II

This course, which has a minimum of lecture time, is designed to give students practical experience in approaching problems in probability and statistics, combining simulation and theoretical methods. The course uses relevant and current data for which students determine reliability, the best display of data, and the interpretation of data from the display. Much of the work consists of experiments and activities carried out with partners.

COURSE SEQUENCE

SCIENCE

460 EARTH SCIENCE - 1 Credit; Required

The objective of this course is to help students understand the many aspects of the environment. The course is a practical study of the earth: its features, its forces, and its place in the universe.

450 PHYSICAL SCIENCE - 1 Credit; Required

Prerequisite: Earth Science

This course is a study of basic chemistry, covering topics such as the periodic chart and chemical changes, as well as a study of basic physics, covering topics such as motion, forces, and energy. The basic concepts, processes, and activities of science are stressed.

465 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE - 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisite: Earth Science and Physical Science

This course is a hands-on course with in-school laboratories and fieldwork incorporated into the curriculum. The course examines topics such as the effects of toxins on ecosystems and humans, the effects of non-chemical pollution, such as noise and urban sprawl. Students study the problems inherent in the simplification of ecosystems and the occurrence of extinct species. Solutions to environmental problems on a local and global level are explored.

480 CHEMISTRY - 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisite: C or above in Physical Science

This is primarily a theoretical course complemented by experimentation. The course includes the study of the following: the structure of the atom, the periodic table, writing formulas, balancing equations, stoichiometry, gases, equilibrium, acids and bases, oxidation, and reduction.

485 AP CHEMISTRY - 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisites: minimum of 92 in Chemistry, application including teacher recommendation

This course is a college level treatment of the following topics: atomic structure and theory, chemical bonding, gas laws, kinetic-molecular theory of gases, solution chemistry, chemical reaction types, equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics. Appropriate lab work is included.

470 BIOLOGY I - 1 Credit; Required

Prerequisites: Earth Science, Physical Science, and either Chemistry or Environmental Science

In this course, students study biological principles as they apply to plants and animals. They also study the five kingdoms of living organisms and the systems needed for life to exist.

490 BIOLOGY II - 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisites: Biology I, Chemistry

Biology II is for students seeking further education in biology, but are not necessarily preparing for the AP Biology Exam. The course includes population dynamics, ecology, biology of plants, anatomy & physiology. Labs include an ecology field trip and various organism dissections.

475 ADVANCED BIOLOGY - 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisites: Chemistry, teacher recommendation, minimum average of 92 in previous two science classes

This course is designed to be the first year of a two-year AP Biology course. The following topics will be explored: cell biology and energetics, genetics, and survey of the five kingdoms. Students will be required to complete several lab exercises. Students who successfully complete Advanced Biology will be eligible to take AP Biology during their senior year.

475 AP BIOLOGY - 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisite: Chemistry, minimum of 92 in Advanced Biology, application with teacher recommendation

This course is offered to those students who have successfully completed the Advanced Biology course. The following topics will be addressed: botany, anatomy and physiology, evolution, and ecology. Students will also participate in several dissections and other laboratory exercises. AP Biology, in conjunction with Advanced Biology, is designed to prepare students for the AP Exam in Biology.

496 PHYSICS - 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisites: must have taken or be taking Advanced Algebra, Chemistry, and teacher recommendation.

In this course, students study the relationship between matter and energy with an emphasis on problem solving. Approximately one class period per week is devoted to lab exercises or demonstrations.

COURSE SEQUENCE

SOCIAL SCIENCES

350 WORLD HISTORY/GEOGRAPHY I - 1 Credit; Required

This course is the first part of a two-year study integrating world history, geography, and current events. Students examine the progress of civilization from prehistoric time through the Renaissance period of Western Europe.

360 WORLD HISTORY/GEOGRAPHY II - 1 Credit; Required

Prerequisite: World History I

This course is the second part of a two-year study integrating world history, geography, and current events. Students examine the progress of civilization with emphasis on the relations among nations from the Renaissance period of Western Europe to the present time.

370 ECONOMICS - 0.5 Credit; Required

This course provides a basic introduction of the free enterprise system. The emphasis is on understanding fundamental principles of economics and on developing consumer decision-making skills. Students discuss current economic events and apply the principles of micro- and macro-economics. Students gain practical experience through organizing and running their own retail companies as part of the Junior Achievement program.

380 VIRGINIA AND US HISTORY - 1 Credit; Required

This course is a survey of Virginia and US history from the Age of Exploration to the present with emphasis on economics and politics as well as intellectual and cultural development.

385 ADVANCED PLACEMENT U.S. HISTORY - 1 Credit: Elective

Prerequisite: application with essay and teacher recommendation

This course, which may replace Virginia and U.S. History, is intended for juniors and seniors who wish to study U.S. History in greater depth. The course is a chronological survey of American History from the Age of Exploration to the present with special emphasis on the following topics: the history of diplomacy, economics, and politics as well as intellectual and cultural development. Students may elect to take the Advanced Placement exam in U.S. History (fee required). Successful performance on this exam may earn students college course exemptions and/or credits.

390 VIRGINIA AND US GOVERNMENT - 1 Credit; Required

In this course students study the American political experience concentrating on the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government as they operate on the federal, state, and local levels. Included in the course is an introduction to political theory and comparable governments as well as discussion of related current events.

395 PSYCHOLOGY - 1 Credit: Elective

This course is an introduction to psychology with particular attention given to personality development, learning, motivation, mental health, and interpersonal relationships.

COURSE SEQUENCE

FOREIGN LANGUAGES

See the diploma requirements for foreign language.

FRENCH

551 FRENCH I - 1 Credit; Elective

French I introduces elementary spoken and written French, covering basic grammar and three verb tenses. Emphasis is on the four areas of language acquisition: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. In class, the active use of the language, including correct pronunciation, is emphasized. Written work is usually assigned as homework in order to build on the concepts introduced in class. Students also study French culture and civilization.

552 FRENCH II - 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisite: French I and teacher recommendation

French II builds on the material introduced in French I. Class business is increasingly conducted in French, and greater emphasis is placed on conversation and immediate translation. Throughout the year, students explore French culture, history, geography, and art.

553 FRENCH III - 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisite: French II and teacher recommendation

Students in French III will study the more complex principles of French grammar and will be encouraged to incorporate more sophisticated constructions in their speaking and writing. Selections from literature will supplement the reading material in class.

554 FRENCH IV - 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisite: French III and teacher recommendation/p>

French IV both reviews and amplifies the student's knowledge of grammar and will be encouraged to incorporate more sophisticated constructions in their speaking and writing. Selections from literature will supplement the reading material in class.

555 AP FRENCH - 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisite: French IV and teacher recommendation

The goal of this class is fluency in the language by emphasizing both prepared and impromptu speaking, reading, and writing skills. The grammar review will consist primarily of exceptions to standard rules and idiomatic constructions. Students who do well in this class are encouraged to take the Advanced Placement Exam in French Language.

SPANISH

571 SPANISH I - 1 Credit; Elective

Spanish I introduces basic grammatical concepts of the Spanish language. Listening comprehension, speaking and writing are emphasized.

572 SPANISH II - 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisite: Spanish I and teacher recommendation

Spanish II builds upon the basic language skills acquired in Spanish I. The emphasis is on developing listening comprehension, speaking and writing proficiency.

573 SPANISH III - 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisites: Spanish II and teacher recommendation

Spanish III reviews and expands the basic linguistic concepts mastered in Spanish I and II. The course emphasizes the study of grammar, selected pieces of Spanish literature, the development of conversational skills, and the development of writing proficiency.

574 SPANISH IV - 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisite: Spanish III and teacher recommendation

Spanish IV requires that students put into practice the grammar concepts learned in the first three levels of Spanish. Students continue to develop their listening, speaking and writing skills. Readings focus on Spanish and Latin American literature.

575 AP SPANISH LANGUAGE - 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisite: Spanish IV and teacher recommendation

AP Spanish provides an intensive review of grammar and vocabulary with emphasis on composition writing. Students further develop speaking and listening skills through routine tape exercises and practice reading comprehension with selections in Hispanic literature. Students who are successful at this level are encouraged to take the AP Examination in Spanish.

**Beginning with the 2002-2003 school year, AP Spanish Literature will alternate years with AP Spanish Language.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION

All courses alternate between classroom instruction, described below, on Tuesdays and Thursdays and directed physical activities on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 8,9, & 10 - 0.5 Credit Each; Required

The Physical Education program is centered on the development of individual skills, positive self-esteem, and strategies of individual, team sports and lifetime sports. The level of instruction is adjusted to the age and skill level of the particular grade level. The lifetime sports of golf, badminton, and tennis are introduced in the 9th grade and further developed in the 10th year. The physical education uniform is required to be worn by all students.

750 HEALTH 8 - 0.5 Credit; Required

This course deals with eating disorders and the values of eating healthy foods combined with a daily routine of diet and exercise. Other areas of study include personal health issues through units on nutrition, drugs, alcohol, tobacco, anatomy of sensory organs, the functions of the human body, and part one of conflict resolution.

760 HEALTH 9 - 0.5 Credit; Required

In this course, students receive instruction and certification in the American Red Cross First Aid and Adult CPR course and the Virginia "Safe Boating Course." Studies continue in developing safety habits at home, school, and in the outdoors, violence prevention, part two of conflict resolution, and drugs, tobacco, and alcohol abuse.

770 HEALTH 10 - 0.5 Credit; Required

This course includes a comprehensive 36 hours of classroom instruction in Driver Education Theory that will fulfill one of Virginia's driving requirements for new drivers. During second semester students will become re-certified in Adult CPR, Infant/Child CPR, a more intensive review of the American Red Cross First Aid course, and an in-depth study of the various forms of cancer.

COMPUTER SCIENCE

850 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS - 0.5 Credit; Required

Students use Microsoft Office to learn the introductory concepts of Word, Excel, Access, and PowerPoint. Reinforcement of keyboarding skills will be instructed.

875 ADVANCED COMPUTER APPLICATIONS - 0.5 Credit; Elective

Students focus on skills needed for advanced topics in Microsoft Office XP. Creating a document with a table, chart, watermark, generating and merging form letters, mailing labels, envelopes and writing a newsletter with nameplate, pull quote and border are taught using Word. Financial functions, data tables, amortization schedules, hyperlinks, databases, and multiple worksheets are taught using Excel. Reports, enhanced forms, hyperlinks, subforms and macros are taught using Access. Embedded visuals and interactive electronic presentations are taught using PowerPoint. For a fee, this course may be Dual-enrollment.

890 WEB PAGE DESIGN - 0.5 Credit; Elective

This course is an introductory course that teaches HTML and graphic design as well as examines basic HTML editors and web publishing software. Course skills will include learning the essential ways to develop a web site and the evaluation of several publishing and design packages. For a fee, this course may be Dual-enrollment.

885 AP COMPUTER SCIENCE A - 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisite: Geometry and Algebra and teacher recommendations

This course is designed for students who have a serious interest in majoring in computer science or engineering in college. Students study a highly structured, modularized approach to computer programming, using the computer languages C++ and JAVA. The course emphasizes a top-down design for the solutions to problems from business and mathematics. The course covers the following topics: input-output, decisions, loop structures, files, arrays, procedures, functions, and passing parameters. For a fee, this course may be Dual-enrollment.

THE ARTS

650 ART I - 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisite: None

This course explores the visual arts as creative and technical disciplines.
Students experiment with a variety of media such as drawing, painting, design, ceramics, and other crafts. In addition to the study of art history, students receive technical instruction and foster their talents and creativity.

652 STUDIO ART - 1 Credit; Elective

Prerequisite: Art I and/or teacher permission

This is a studio art class in which students are expected to develop considerable skills in several selected media. A fee may be assessed; students may provide their own materials.

653 CERAMICS - 0.5 Credit; Elective

Prerequisite: Art I or equivalent or teacher permission

This semester course introduces the techniques and vocabulary of hand building with clay. The students will create some useful and some sculptural work. A fee will be assessed.

654 DRAWING - 0.5 Credit; Elective

Prerequisite: Art I or equivalent or teacher permission

This semester course is a beginning studio art class that explores line and mass. Students will work with a variety of drawing media to learn basic of composition, design, gesture, value, and proportion.

655 BAND - 0.5 Credit; Elective

Prerequisite: previous instrumental instruction

Students interested in continuing their instrumental music education may enroll in this class. In addition to improving their technical skills, they will have opportunities to perform in the concert, marching and pep bands. Currently band meets as a zero period at 7:30 a.m. Monday through Friday.

649 PHOTOJOURNALISM - 1 Credit; Elective

This course is for students interested in producing the student yearbook/annual. Through the course requirements, students will explore ethical journalism issues and develop advanced technology skills (computer and digital photography), enhance peer management techniques, and acquire an appreciation of the diversity of the school community.